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Module « scipy.special »

Fonction gdtrc - module scipy.special

Signature de la fonction gdtrc

def gdtrc(*args, **kwargs) 

Description

help(scipy.special.gdtrc)

gdtrc(x1, x2, x3, /, out=None, *, where=True, casting='same_kind', order='K', dtype=None, subok=True[, signature])

gdtrc(a, b, x, out=None)

Gamma distribution survival function.

Integral from `x` to infinity of the gamma probability density function,

.. math::

    F = \int_x^\infty \frac{a^b}{\Gamma(b)} t^{b-1} e^{-at}\,dt,

where :math:`\Gamma` is the gamma function.

Parameters
----------
a : array_like
    The rate parameter of the gamma distribution, sometimes denoted
    :math:`\beta` (float). It is also the reciprocal of the scale
    parameter :math:`\theta`.
b : array_like
    The shape parameter of the gamma distribution, sometimes denoted
    :math:`\alpha` (float).
x : array_like
    The quantile (lower limit of integration; float).
out : ndarray, optional
    Optional output array for the function values

Returns
-------
F : scalar or ndarray
    The survival function of the gamma distribution with parameters `a`
    and `b` evaluated at `x`.

See Also
--------
gdtr: Gamma distribution cumulative distribution function
scipy.stats.gamma: Gamma distribution
gdtrix

Notes
-----
The evaluation is carried out using the relation to the incomplete gamma
integral (regularized gamma function).

Wrapper for the Cephes [1]_ routine `gdtrc`. Calling `gdtrc` directly can
improve performance compared to the ``sf`` method of `scipy.stats.gamma`
(see last example below).

References
----------
.. [1] Cephes Mathematical Functions Library,
       http://www.netlib.org/cephes/

Examples
--------
Compute the function for ``a=1`` and ``b=2`` at ``x=5``.

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from scipy.special import gdtrc
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> gdtrc(1., 2., 5.)
0.04042768199451279

Compute the function for ``a=1``, ``b=2`` at several points by providing
a NumPy array for `x`.

>>> xvalues = np.array([1., 2., 3., 4])
>>> gdtrc(1., 1., xvalues)
array([0.36787944, 0.13533528, 0.04978707, 0.01831564])

`gdtrc` can evaluate different parameter sets by providing arrays with
broadcasting compatible shapes for `a`, `b` and `x`. Here we compute the
function for three different `a` at four positions `x` and ``b=3``,
resulting in a 3x4 array.

>>> a = np.array([[0.5], [1.5], [2.5]])
>>> x = np.array([1., 2., 3., 4])
>>> a.shape, x.shape
((3, 1), (4,))

>>> gdtrc(a, 3., x)
array([[0.98561232, 0.9196986 , 0.80884683, 0.67667642],
       [0.80884683, 0.42319008, 0.17357807, 0.0619688 ],
       [0.54381312, 0.12465202, 0.02025672, 0.0027694 ]])

Plot the function for four different parameter sets.

>>> a_parameters = [0.3, 1, 2, 6]
>>> b_parameters = [2, 10, 15, 20]
>>> linestyles = ['solid', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'dashdot']
>>> parameters_list = list(zip(a_parameters, b_parameters, linestyles))
>>> x = np.linspace(0, 30, 1000)
>>> fig, ax = plt.subplots()
>>> for parameter_set in parameters_list:
...     a, b, style = parameter_set
...     gdtrc_vals = gdtrc(a, b, x)
...     ax.plot(x, gdtrc_vals, label=fr"$a= {a},\, b={b}$", ls=style)
>>> ax.legend()
>>> ax.set_xlabel("$x$")
>>> ax.set_title("Gamma distribution survival function")
>>> plt.show()

The gamma distribution is also available as `scipy.stats.gamma`.
Using `gdtrc` directly can be much faster than calling the ``sf`` method
of `scipy.stats.gamma`, especially for small arrays or individual
values. To get the same results one must use the following parametrization:
``stats.gamma(b, scale=1/a).sf(x)=gdtrc(a, b, x)``.

>>> from scipy.stats import gamma
>>> a = 2
>>> b = 3
>>> x = 1.
>>> gdtrc_result = gdtrc(a, b, x)  # this will often be faster than below
>>> gamma_dist_result = gamma(b, scale=1/a).sf(x)
>>> gdtrc_result == gamma_dist_result  # test that results are equal
True

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