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Module « scipy.stats »

Fonction rice - module scipy.stats

Signature de la fonction rice

def rice(*args, **kwds) 

Description

help(scipy.stats.rice)

A Rice continuous random variable.

As an instance of the `rv_continuous` class, `rice` object inherits from it
a collection of generic methods (see below for the full list),
and completes them with details specific for this particular distribution.

Methods
-------
rvs(b, loc=0, scale=1, size=1, random_state=None)
    Random variates.
pdf(x, b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Probability density function.
logpdf(x, b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Log of the probability density function.
cdf(x, b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Cumulative distribution function.
logcdf(x, b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Log of the cumulative distribution function.
sf(x, b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Survival function  (also defined as ``1 - cdf``, but `sf` is sometimes more accurate).
logsf(x, b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Log of the survival function.
ppf(q, b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Percent point function (inverse of ``cdf`` --- percentiles).
isf(q, b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Inverse survival function (inverse of ``sf``).
moment(order, b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Non-central moment of the specified order.
stats(b, loc=0, scale=1, moments='mv')
    Mean('m'), variance('v'), skew('s'), and/or kurtosis('k').
entropy(b, loc=0, scale=1)
    (Differential) entropy of the RV.
fit(data)
    Parameter estimates for generic data.
    See `scipy.stats.rv_continuous.fit <https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.stats.rv_continuous.fit.html#scipy.stats.rv_continuous.fit>`__ for detailed documentation of the
    keyword arguments.
expect(func, args=(b,), loc=0, scale=1, lb=None, ub=None, conditional=False, **kwds)
    Expected value of a function (of one argument) with respect to the distribution.
median(b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Median of the distribution.
mean(b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Mean of the distribution.
var(b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Variance of the distribution.
std(b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Standard deviation of the distribution.
interval(confidence, b, loc=0, scale=1)
    Confidence interval with equal areas around the median.

Notes
-----
The probability density function for `rice` is:

.. math::

    f(x, b) = x \exp(- \frac{x^2 + b^2}{2}) I_0(x b)

for :math:`x >= 0`, :math:`b > 0`. :math:`I_0` is the modified Bessel
function of order zero (`scipy.special.i0`).

`rice` takes ``b`` as a shape parameter for :math:`b`.

The probability density above is defined in the "standardized" form. To shift
and/or scale the distribution use the ``loc`` and ``scale`` parameters.
Specifically, ``rice.pdf(x, b, loc, scale)`` is identically
equivalent to ``rice.pdf(y, b) / scale`` with
``y = (x - loc) / scale``. Note that shifting the location of a distribution
does not make it a "noncentral" distribution; noncentral generalizations of
some distributions are available in separate classes.

The Rice distribution describes the length, :math:`r`, of a 2-D vector with
components :math:`(U+u, V+v)`, where :math:`U, V` are constant, :math:`u,
v` are independent Gaussian random variables with standard deviation
:math:`s`.  Let :math:`R = \sqrt{U^2 + V^2}`. Then the pdf of :math:`r` is
``rice.pdf(x, R/s, scale=s)``.

Examples
--------
>>> import numpy as np
>>> from scipy.stats import rice
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)

Calculate the first four moments:

>>> b = 0.775
>>> mean, var, skew, kurt = rice.stats(b, moments='mvsk')

Display the probability density function (``pdf``):

>>> x = np.linspace(rice.ppf(0.01, b),
...                 rice.ppf(0.99, b), 100)
>>> ax.plot(x, rice.pdf(x, b),
...        'r-', lw=5, alpha=0.6, label='rice pdf')

Alternatively, the distribution object can be called (as a function)
to fix the shape, location and scale parameters. This returns a "frozen"
RV object holding the given parameters fixed.

Freeze the distribution and display the frozen ``pdf``:

>>> rv = rice(b)
>>> ax.plot(x, rv.pdf(x), 'k-', lw=2, label='frozen pdf')

Check accuracy of ``cdf`` and ``ppf``:

>>> vals = rice.ppf([0.001, 0.5, 0.999], b)
>>> np.allclose([0.001, 0.5, 0.999], rice.cdf(vals, b))
True

Generate random numbers:

>>> r = rice.rvs(b, size=1000)

And compare the histogram:

>>> ax.hist(r, density=True, bins='auto', histtype='stepfilled', alpha=0.2)
>>> ax.set_xlim([x[0], x[-1]])
>>> ax.legend(loc='best', frameon=False)
>>> plt.show()

Vous êtes un professionnel et vous avez besoin d'une formation ? RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)
et Fine Tuning d'un LLM Voir le programme détaillé