Module « numpy.matlib »

Classe « vectorize »

Informations générales

Héritage

builtins.object
    vectorize

Définition

class vectorize(builtins.object):

Description _{[extrait de vectorize.__doc__]}

    vectorize(pyfunc, otypes=None, doc=None, excluded=None, cache=False,
              signature=None)

    Generalized function class.

    Define a vectorized function which takes a nested sequence of objects or
    numpy arrays as inputs and returns a single numpy array or a tuple of numpy
    arrays. The vectorized function evaluates `pyfunc` over successive tuples
    of the input arrays like the python map function, except it uses the
    broadcasting rules of numpy.

    The data type of the output of `vectorized` is determined by calling
    the function with the first element of the input.  This can be avoided
    by specifying the `otypes` argument.

    Parameters
    ----------
    pyfunc : callable
        A python function or method.
    otypes : str or list of dtypes, optional
        The output data type. It must be specified as either a string of
        typecode characters or a list of data type specifiers. There should
        be one data type specifier for each output.
    doc : str, optional
        The docstring for the function. If None, the docstring will be the
        ``pyfunc.__doc__``.
    excluded : set, optional
        Set of strings or integers representing the positional or keyword
        arguments for which the function will not be vectorized.  These will be
        passed directly to `pyfunc` unmodified.

        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0

    cache : bool, optional
        If `True`, then cache the first function call that determines the number
        of outputs if `otypes` is not provided.

        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0

    signature : string, optional
        Generalized universal function signature, e.g., ``(m,n),(n)->(m)`` for
        vectorized matrix-vector multiplication. If provided, ``pyfunc`` will
        be called with (and expected to return) arrays with shapes given by the
        size of corresponding core dimensions. By default, ``pyfunc`` is
        assumed to take scalars as input and output.

        .. versionadded:: 1.12.0

    Returns
    -------
    vectorized : callable
        Vectorized function.

    See Also
    --------
    frompyfunc : Takes an arbitrary Python function and returns a ufunc

    Notes
    -----
    The `vectorize` function is provided primarily for convenience, not for
    performance. The implementation is essentially a for loop.

    If `otypes` is not specified, then a call to the function with the
    first argument will be used to determine the number of outputs.  The
    results of this call will be cached if `cache` is `True` to prevent
    calling the function twice.  However, to implement the cache, the
    original function must be wrapped which will slow down subsequent
    calls, so only do this if your function is expensive.

    The new keyword argument interface and `excluded` argument support
    further degrades performance.

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] :doc:`/reference/c-api/generalized-ufuncs`

    Examples
    --------
    >>> def myfunc(a, b):
    ...     "Return a-b if a>b, otherwise return a+b"
    ...     if a > b:
    ...         return a - b
    ...     else:
    ...         return a + b

    >>> vfunc = np.vectorize(myfunc)
    >>> vfunc([1, 2, 3, 4], 2)
    array([3, 4, 1, 2])

    The docstring is taken from the input function to `vectorize` unless it
    is specified:

    >>> vfunc.__doc__
    'Return a-b if a>b, otherwise return a+b'
    >>> vfunc = np.vectorize(myfunc, doc='Vectorized `myfunc`')
    >>> vfunc.__doc__
    'Vectorized `myfunc`'

    The output type is determined by evaluating the first element of the input,
    unless it is specified:

    >>> out = vfunc([1, 2, 3, 4], 2)
    >>> type(out[0])
    <class 'numpy.int64'>
    >>> vfunc = np.vectorize(myfunc, otypes=[float])
    >>> out = vfunc([1, 2, 3, 4], 2)
    >>> type(out[0])
    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    The `excluded` argument can be used to prevent vectorizing over certain
    arguments.  This can be useful for array-like arguments of a fixed length
    such as the coefficients for a polynomial as in `polyval`:

    >>> def mypolyval(p, x):
    ...     _p = list(p)
    ...     res = _p.pop(0)
    ...     while _p:
    ...         res = res*x + _p.pop(0)
    ...     return res
    >>> vpolyval = np.vectorize(mypolyval, excluded=['p'])
    >>> vpolyval(p=[1, 2, 3], x=[0, 1])
    array([3, 6])

    Positional arguments may also be excluded by specifying their position:

    >>> vpolyval.excluded.add(0)
    >>> vpolyval([1, 2, 3], x=[0, 1])
    array([3, 6])

    The `signature` argument allows for vectorizing functions that act on
    non-scalar arrays of fixed length. For example, you can use it for a
    vectorized calculation of Pearson correlation coefficient and its p-value:

    >>> import scipy.stats
    >>> pearsonr = np.vectorize(scipy.stats.pearsonr,
    ...                 signature='(n),(n)->(),()')
    >>> pearsonr([[0, 1, 2, 3]], [[1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 3, 2, 1]])
    (array([ 1., -1.]), array([ 0.,  0.]))

    Or for a vectorized convolution:

    >>> convolve = np.vectorize(np.convolve, signature='(n),(m)->(k)')
    >>> convolve(np.eye(4), [1, 2, 1])
    array([[1., 2., 1., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 1., 2., 1., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 1., 2., 1., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., 1., 2., 1.]])

    

Constructeur(s)

Signature du constructeur	Description
__init__(self, pyfunc, otypes=None, doc=None, excluded=None, cache=False, signature=None)

Liste des opérateurs

Opérateurs hérités de la classe object

__eq__, __ge__, __gt__, __le__, __lt__, __ne__

Méthodes héritées de la classe object

__delattr__, __dir__, __format__, __getattribute__, __hash__, __init_subclass__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __repr__, __setattr__, __sizeof__, __str__, __subclasshook__