Module « scipy.interpolate »

Classe « RBFInterpolator »

Informations générales

Héritage

builtins.object
    RBFInterpolator

Définition

class RBFInterpolator(builtins.object):

Description _{[extrait de RBFInterpolator.__doc__]}

Radial basis function (RBF) interpolation in N dimensions.

    Parameters
    ----------
    y : (P, N) array_like
        Data point coordinates.
    d : (P, ...) array_like
        Data values at `y`.
    neighbors : int, optional
        If specified, the value of the interpolant at each evaluation point
        will be computed using only this many nearest data points. All the data
        points are used by default.
    smoothing : float or (P,) array_like, optional
        Smoothing parameter. The interpolant perfectly fits the data when this
        is set to 0. For large values, the interpolant approaches a least
        squares fit of a polynomial with the specified degree. Default is 0.
    kernel : str, optional
        Type of RBF. This should be one of

            - 'linear'               : ``-r``
            - 'thin_plate_spline'    : ``r**2 * log(r)``
            - 'cubic'                : ``r**3``
            - 'quintic'              : ``-r**5``
            - 'multiquadric'         : ``-sqrt(1 + r**2)``
            - 'inverse_multiquadric' : ``1/sqrt(1 + r**2)``
            - 'inverse_quadratic'    : ``1/(1 + r**2)``
            - 'gaussian'             : ``exp(-r**2)``

        Default is 'thin_plate_spline'.
    epsilon : float, optional
        Shape parameter that scales the input to the RBF. If `kernel` is
        'linear', 'thin_plate_spline', 'cubic', or 'quintic', this defaults to
        1 and can be ignored because it has the same effect as scaling the
        smoothing parameter. Otherwise, this must be specified.
    degree : int, optional
        Degree of the added polynomial. For some RBFs the interpolant may not
        be well-posed if the polynomial degree is too small. Those RBFs and
        their corresponding minimum degrees are

            - 'multiquadric'      : 0
            - 'linear'            : 0
            - 'thin_plate_spline' : 1
            - 'cubic'             : 1
            - 'quintic'           : 2

        The default value is the minimum degree for `kernel` or 0 if there is
        no minimum degree. Set this to -1 for no added polynomial.

    Notes
    -----
    An RBF is a scalar valued function in N-dimensional space whose value at
    :math:`x` can be expressed in terms of :math:`r=||x - c||`, where :math:`c`
    is the center of the RBF.

    An RBF interpolant for the vector of data values :math:`d`, which are from
    locations :math:`y`, is a linear combination of RBFs centered at :math:`y`
    plus a polynomial with a specified degree. The RBF interpolant is written
    as

    .. math::
        f(x) = K(x, y) a + P(x) b,

    where :math:`K(x, y)` is a matrix of RBFs with centers at :math:`y`
    evaluated at the points :math:`x`, and :math:`P(x)` is a matrix of
    monomials, which span polynomials with the specified degree, evaluated at
    :math:`x`. The coefficients :math:`a` and :math:`b` are the solution to the
    linear equations

    .. math::
        (K(y, y) + \lambda I) a + P(y) b = d

    and

    .. math::
        P(y)^T a = 0,

    where :math:`\lambda` is a non-negative smoothing parameter that controls
    how well we want to fit the data. The data are fit exactly when the
    smoothing parameter is 0.

    The above system is uniquely solvable if the following requirements are
    met:

        - :math:`P(y)` must have full column rank. :math:`P(y)` always has full
          column rank when `degree` is -1 or 0. When `degree` is 1,
          :math:`P(y)` has full column rank if the data point locations are not
          all collinear (N=2), coplanar (N=3), etc.
        - If `kernel` is 'multiquadric', 'linear', 'thin_plate_spline',
          'cubic', or 'quintic', then `degree` must not be lower than the
          minimum value listed above.
        - If `smoothing` is 0, then each data point location must be distinct.

    When using an RBF that is not scale invariant ('multiquadric',
    'inverse_multiquadric', 'inverse_quadratic', or 'gaussian'), an appropriate
    shape parameter must be chosen (e.g., through cross validation). Smaller
    values for the shape parameter correspond to wider RBFs. The problem can
    become ill-conditioned or singular when the shape parameter is too small.

    The memory required to solve for the RBF interpolation coefficients
    increases quadratically with the number of data points, which can become
    impractical when interpolating more than about a thousand data points.
    To overcome memory limitations for large interpolation problems, the
    `neighbors` argument can be specified to compute an RBF interpolant for
    each evaluation point using only the nearest data points.

    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0

    See Also
    --------
    NearestNDInterpolator
    LinearNDInterpolator
    CloughTocher2DInterpolator

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] Fasshauer, G., 2007. Meshfree Approximation Methods with Matlab.
        World Scientific Publishing Co.

    .. [2] http://amadeus.math.iit.edu/~fass/603_ch3.pdf

    .. [3] Wahba, G., 1990. Spline Models for Observational Data. SIAM.

    .. [4] http://pages.stat.wisc.edu/~wahba/stat860public/lect/lect8/lect8.pdf

    Examples
    --------
    Demonstrate interpolating scattered data to a grid in 2-D.

    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    >>> from scipy.interpolate import RBFInterpolator
    >>> from scipy.stats.qmc import Halton

    >>> rng = np.random.default_rng()
    >>> xobs = 2*Halton(2, seed=rng).random(100) - 1
    >>> yobs = np.sum(xobs, axis=1)*np.exp(-6*np.sum(xobs**2, axis=1))

    >>> xgrid = np.mgrid[-1:1:50j, -1:1:50j]
    >>> xflat = xgrid.reshape(2, -1).T
    >>> yflat = RBFInterpolator(xobs, yobs)(xflat)
    >>> ygrid = yflat.reshape(50, 50)

    >>> fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    >>> ax.pcolormesh(*xgrid, ygrid, vmin=-0.25, vmax=0.25, shading='gouraud')
    >>> p = ax.scatter(*xobs.T, c=yobs, s=50, ec='k', vmin=-0.25, vmax=0.25)
    >>> fig.colorbar(p)
    >>> plt.show()

    

Constructeur(s)

Signature du constructeur	Description
__init__(self, y, d, neighbors=None, smoothing=0.0, kernel='thin_plate_spline', epsilon=None, degree=None)

Liste des opérateurs

Opérateurs hérités de la classe object

__eq__, __ge__, __gt__, __le__, __lt__, __ne__

Méthodes héritées de la classe object

__delattr__, __dir__, __format__, __getattribute__, __hash__, __init_subclass__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __repr__, __setattr__, __sizeof__, __str__, __subclasshook__