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Calculates a Pearson correlation coefficient and the p-value for testing
non-correlation.
The Pearson correlation coefficient measures the linear relationship
between two datasets. Strictly speaking, Pearson's correlation requires
that each dataset be normally distributed. Like other correlation
coefficients, this one varies between -1 and +1 with 0 implying no
correlation. Correlations of -1 or +1 imply an exact linear
relationship. Positive correlations imply that as `x` increases, so does
`y`. Negative correlations imply that as `x` increases, `y` decreases.
The p-value roughly indicates the probability of an uncorrelated system
producing datasets that have a Pearson correlation at least as extreme
as the one computed from these datasets. The p-values are not entirely
reliable but are probably reasonable for datasets larger than 500 or so.
Parameters
----------
x : 1-D array_like
Input
y : 1-D array_like
Input
Returns
-------
pearsonr : float
Pearson's correlation coefficient, 2-tailed p-value.
References
----------
http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/glosp.html#Pearson%20Correlation
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