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Module « sqlalchemy »

Fonction and_ - module sqlalchemy

Signature de la fonction and_

def and_(*clauses) 

Description

help(sqlalchemy.and_)

Produce a conjunction of expressions joined by ``AND``.

E.g.::

    from sqlalchemy import and_

    stmt = select(users_table).where(
        and_(users_table.c.name == "wendy", users_table.c.enrolled == True)
    )

The :func:`.and_` conjunction is also available using the
Python ``&`` operator (though note that compound expressions
need to be parenthesized in order to function with Python
operator precedence behavior)::

    stmt = select(users_table).where(
        (users_table.c.name == "wendy") & (users_table.c.enrolled == True)
    )

The :func:`.and_` operation is also implicit in some cases;
the :meth:`_expression.Select.where`
method for example can be invoked multiple
times against a statement, which will have the effect of each
clause being combined using :func:`.and_`::

    stmt = (
        select(users_table)
        .where(users_table.c.name == "wendy")
        .where(users_table.c.enrolled == True)
    )

The :func:`.and_` construct must be given at least one positional
argument in order to be valid; a :func:`.and_` construct with no
arguments is ambiguous.   To produce an "empty" or dynamically
generated :func:`.and_`  expression, from a given list of expressions,
a "default" element of :func:`_sql.true` (or just ``True``) should be
specified::

    from sqlalchemy import true

    criteria = and_(true(), *expressions)

The above expression will compile to SQL as the expression ``true``
or ``1 = 1``, depending on backend, if no other expressions are
present.  If expressions are present, then the :func:`_sql.true` value
is ignored as it does not affect the outcome of an AND expression that
has other elements.

.. deprecated:: 1.4  The :func:`.and_` element now requires that at
  least one argument is passed; creating the :func:`.and_` construct
  with no arguments is deprecated, and will emit a deprecation warning
  while continuing to produce a blank SQL string.

.. seealso::

    :func:`.or_`

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