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Module « typing » Python 3.13.2

Classe « ParamSpec »

Informations générales

Héritage

builtins.object
    ParamSpec

Définition

class ParamSpec(builtins.object):

help(ParamSpec)

Parameter specification variable.

The preferred way to construct a parameter specification is via the
dedicated syntax for generic functions, classes, and type aliases,
where the use of '**' creates a parameter specification::

    type IntFunc[**P] = Callable[P, int]

The following syntax creates a parameter specification that defaults
to a callable accepting two positional-only arguments of types int
and str:

    type IntFuncDefault[**P = (int, str)] = Callable[P, int]

For compatibility with Python 3.11 and earlier, ParamSpec objects
can also be created as follows::

    P = ParamSpec('P')
    DefaultP = ParamSpec('DefaultP', default=(int, str))

Parameter specification variables exist primarily for the benefit of
static type checkers.  They are used to forward the parameter types of
one callable to another callable, a pattern commonly found in
higher-order functions and decorators.  They are only valid when used
in ``Concatenate``, or as the first argument to ``Callable``, or as
parameters for user-defined Generics. See class Generic for more
information on generic types.

An example for annotating a decorator::

    def add_logging[**P, T](f: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, T]:
        '''A type-safe decorator to add logging to a function.'''
        def inner(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
            logging.info(f'{f.__name__} was called')
            return f(*args, **kwargs)
        return inner

    @add_logging
    def add_two(x: float, y: float) -> float:
        '''Add two numbers together.'''
        return x + y

Parameter specification variables can be introspected. e.g.::

    >>> P = ParamSpec("P")
    >>> P.__name__
    'P'

Note that only parameter specification variables defined in the global
scope can be pickled.

Constructeur(s)

Signature du constructeur	Description
__new__(*args, **kwargs)	Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. [extrait de __new__.__doc__]
__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)	Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. [extrait de __init__.__doc__]

Opérateurs hérités de la classe object

__eq__, __ge__, __gt__, __le__, __lt__, __ne__

Méthodes héritées de la classe object

__delattr__, __dir__, __format__, __getattribute__, __getstate__, __hash__, __init_subclass__, __reduce_ex__, __setattr__, __sizeof__, __str__, __subclasshook__

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