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JPopupMenu popupMenu = new JPopupMenu();

JMenuItem mnuUndo = new JMenuItem( "Undo" );
mnuUndo.setIcon( new ImageIcon( "icons/undo.png" ) );
mnuUndo.setMnemonic( 'U' );
mnuUndo.setAccelerator( KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_Z, KeyEvent.CTRL_DOWN_MASK) );
mnuUndo.addActionListener( this::mnuUndoListener );
popupMenu.add(mnuUndo);

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textArea.addMouseListener( new MouseAdapter() {
    @Override public void mousePressed( MouseEvent event ) {
        if ( event.isPopupTrigger() ) {
            System.out.println( "Show popup" );
            popupMenu.show( event.getComponent(), event.getX(), event.getY() );
        }
    }
} );

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import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;

import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JPopupMenu;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JSplitPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTree;
import javax.swing.KeyStroke;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.plaf.nimbus.NimbusLookAndFeel;


public class PopupMenuSample extends JFrame {
    
    
    /* Construction de l'interface graphique */
    public PopupMenuSample() {
        super( "JPopupMenu sample" );
        this.setSize(600,400);
        this.setLocationRelativeTo( null );
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation( DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE );
        
        JPanel contentPane = (JPanel) getContentPane();
        
        // The content of the window
        JScrollPane leftScrollPane = new JScrollPane( new JTree() );
        leftScrollPane.setPreferredSize( new Dimension( 200, 0 ) );
        
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();
        JScrollPane rightScrollPane = new JScrollPane( textArea );
        
        JSplitPane splitPane = new JSplitPane(
                JSplitPane.HORIZONTAL_SPLIT, leftScrollPane, rightScrollPane );
        contentPane.add( splitPane /*, BorderLayout.CENTER */ );        

        // Association d'un popup menu sur la zone d'édition de texte
        
        // Attention avant Java SE 8.0, il faut un final au début de la déclaration !!!
        JPopupMenu popupMenu = this.createPopupMenu();      
        textArea.addMouseListener( new MouseAdapter() {
            @Override public void mousePressed( MouseEvent event ) {
                if ( event.isPopupTrigger() ) {
                    System.out.println( "Show popup" );
                    popupMenu.show( event.getComponent(), event.getX(), event.getY() );
                }
            }
        } );
    }
    

    /* Methode de construction du menu contextuel */
    private JPopupMenu createPopupMenu() {
        JPopupMenu popupMenu = new JPopupMenu();
        
        JMenuItem mnuUndo = new JMenuItem( "Undo" );
        mnuUndo.setIcon( new ImageIcon( "icons/undo.png" ) );
        mnuUndo.setMnemonic( 'U' );
        mnuUndo.setAccelerator( KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_Z, KeyEvent.CTRL_DOWN_MASK) );
        mnuUndo.addActionListener( this::mnuUndoListener );
        popupMenu.add(mnuUndo);
        
        JMenuItem mnuRedo = new JMenuItem( "Redo" );
        mnuRedo.setIcon( new ImageIcon( "icons/redo.png" ) );
        mnuRedo.setMnemonic( 'R' );
        mnuRedo.setAccelerator( KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_U, KeyEvent.CTRL_DOWN_MASK) );
        popupMenu.add(mnuRedo);
        
        popupMenu.addSeparator();
        
        JMenuItem mnuCopy = new JMenuItem( "Copy" );
        mnuCopy.setIcon( new ImageIcon( "icons/copy.png" ) );
        mnuCopy.setMnemonic( 'C' );
        mnuCopy.setAccelerator( KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_C, KeyEvent.CTRL_DOWN_MASK) );
        popupMenu.add(mnuCopy);
        
        JMenuItem mnuCut = new JMenuItem( "Cut" );
        mnuCut.setIcon( new ImageIcon( "icons/cut.png" ) );
        mnuCut.setMnemonic( 't' );
        mnuCut.setAccelerator( KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_X, KeyEvent.CTRL_DOWN_MASK) );
        popupMenu.add(mnuCut);
        
        JMenuItem mnuPaste = new JMenuItem( "Paste" );
        mnuPaste.setIcon( new ImageIcon( "icons/paste.png" ) );
        mnuPaste.setMnemonic( 'P' );
        mnuPaste.setAccelerator( KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_V, KeyEvent.CTRL_DOWN_MASK) );
        popupMenu.add(mnuPaste);


        return popupMenu;
    }

    public void mnuUndoListener( ActionEvent event ) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( this, "Undo!" );
    }
   
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        UIManager.setLookAndFeel( new NimbusLookAndFeel() );
        PopupMenuSample frame = new PopupMenuSample();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}